One of the stranger, even outlandish, doctrines that seems to be circulating amongst some of the newer Christian charismatic groups today is that the Tanakh/Old Testament isn't needed any more. The thinking, reduced to its simplest concept, goes something like this: "The Old Testament is the Book of Law. Jesus replaced the Law with Grace and Love. We don't need the Law anymore. Therefore we don't need the Old Testament."

When I first heard this 'new doctrine' I was so dumbfounded that I didn't know what to say. As with so many 'new' and 'popular' doctrines, my mind at once recalled the words of Paul, who in stern warning said:

"For the time will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths. But YOU, keep your head in all situations..." (2 Tim.4:3-5a, NIV).

I am going to assume that everybody here has at least an outline knowledge of the Old Testament. If there's anyone who doesn't, I hope, that by the end of this morning, you will be inspired to open up this much maligned book and read it through.

The Old Testament is of great spiritual and personal value for at least seven major reasons:

• (1) It tells us about Elohim/God (Yahweh);
• (2) It answers questions about how life began;
• (3) It tells how evil came into our world;
• (4) It prophesies of the Messiah-Redeemer;
• (5) It inspires us to qadosh/set-apart/holy living;
• (6) It fills our heart with gratitude and praise; and
• (7) It tells us Elohim's/God's laws for living.

• "The Old Testament isn't relevant to today's world. Its ideas are old-fashioned and its language is obscure. Who needs to know about old Jewish kings and outdated laws? We need a book for today."

• "The Old Testament is filled with things that sound more like myths and legends than actualities -- serpents that talk and fish that swallow people whole. I'd rather read about things that can be proven scientifically."

• "I've tried to read the Old Testament but I find it boring. My mind wanders and I just can't get interested. It's pretty dull reading."

• "Frankly, the Old Testament scares me. It's too big. Besides, there's so much killing and war. And God/Elohim seems so mean. The New Testament is more full of love."

Once you discover the Old Testament and begin to read and study it, you will find that it is filled with great riches. There are four good reasons why it is a treasure-house of wealth to its reader:

• 1. The Old Testament provides the foundation for the whole Bible. The Bible is made up of two Testaments -- Old and New -- and both are equally a part of it. Both tell us about Elohim/God. Both inform us about basic truths we need to know. But without a grasp of the Old Testament, the New Testament cannot be fully understood or appreciated; without the New the Old is left incomplete. The Old Testament establishes the foundation of truth; the New Testament then builds the superstructure. Without the Old Testament the New would be be at best obscure and hard to understand, and at worst useless;

• 2. The Old Testament tells us about Yah'shua the Messiah/Jesus Christ. It is impossible to fully know about Christ and His purpose for coming into our world without studying the Old Testament. The whole meaning of life, the necessity of the atonement, and so on, is layed out in minute detail in the Old Testament. The New Testament, by contrast, merely amplifies bits and pieces of this story. It's a bit like an extension to a house but it is not the complete house itself. The Old Testament tells us about Christ in word pictures and types. It predicts His coming. It puts His ministry into focus. It gives graphic previews of His sacrifice for sin. It goes beyond today to tell us of His judgment of the world and His coming Kingdom of Shalom/Peace. In fact, the Old Testament tells us so much about Yah'shua/Jesus that some Bible teachers have said Christ can be seen on every page;

• 3. The Old Testament provides the foundation for faith in Christ. The Christian faith is built on the Old Testament. Erich Sauer, in his book, The Dawn of World Redemption, said this:

  "The Old Testament is promise and expectation, the New is fulfilment and completion. The Old is the marshaling of the hosts of the battle of God (Elohim), the New is the triumph of the crucified One. The Old is the dawn of morning, the New is the rising sun and the light of eternal day."

  If Christianity, the 'religion of Christ', may be likened to a magnificent cathedral, the Tanakh/Old Testament is its unshakable foundation;

• 4. The Old Testament helps us to know Elohim/God. More than anything, the Old Testament tells us about Yahweh, our Heavenly Father, and it makes Him known in these ways:

  • Factual knowledge. To know Yahweh, we must first know about Him. The Old Testament reveals His character in its record of His mighty deeds and the divine tavnith/pattern built into all things;

  • Personal knowledge. The Old Testament brings us past the information stage and brings us to the place where we can know Elohim/God personally through the experiences and relationships of others who walked with Him; Practical knowledge. Building on a personal knowledge of Elohim/God, the Old Testament also tells us how to live. It reveals His will and spells out the kind of person He wants us to be. By obeying its mitzvot/commandments, thinking as it tells us to think, and accepting the Saviour it presents, we can know how to live in our complex world.

To give you a practical illustration of the treasure the Old Testament is, I am going to look at one of the best known and most popular characters in the first book of the Bible, namely father Noah. There are many other fine examples but this one will do. As we read through Genesis 6-8, what truths can we learn about Elohim/God? As this is such a well-known story I do not need to relate it here but would like to invite you to call back to memory how he and his family built an Ark. In this story there are ten major revelations about the nature of God the Father:

• (1) He is an Elohim/God to be feared (deeply respected);
• (2) He is able to create and destroy;
• (3) He is patient with sinners, but His patience has limits;
• (4) He is not just loving and kind; He is also an Elohim/God of righteousness, justice, and anger;
• (5) He is concerned about what is happening in His world;
• (6) He has complete control over His creation;
• (7) He has the power to interrupt history;
• (8) He is the Elohim/God of new beginnings;
• (9) He rescues/delivers/saves those who trust in Him; and
• (10) He makes and keeps promises (covenants).

What I would like you to do over the coming week is read nine more stories from the Old Testament and then ask yourself what these incidents reveal about the nature of Elohim/God. Most of them you will remember. They are:

• (1) The coats of skin Elohim/God made for Adam and Eve (Gen.3:21)
• (2) The tower of Babel (Gen.11)
• (3) The call of Abraham (Gen.12:1-7)
• (4) The offering of Isaac (Gen.22)
• (5) The parting of the Red Sea (Ex.14)
• (6) The provision of manna (Ex.16)
• (7) The giving of the Torah/Law/Instructions (Ex.20)
• (8) The serpent of bronze (Ex.20)
• (9) The abundance of Job's restoration (Job 42)

Now the Tanakh/Old Testament does more than tell us how we are to understand Elohim/God. It also tells us how we are to understand ourselves. We see, for example, how Adam and Eve's decision to disobey Elohim/God is a reflection of a fundamental human weakness. In this story we see our own wilfulness and our readiness to break Yahweh's mitzvot/commandments. Indeed, in the first five books of the Old Testament (called the Pentateuch, Torah or Books of Moses) we find an extraordinarily detailed salvation theology that is the whole basis of the New Testament, told in such depth and painted in such rich colours that without it the New Testament is incapable of giving us the complete picture. Here are some invaluable examples:

• (1) In Cain's jealousy, we see our own disposition toward competition (Gen.4:5);
• (2) In Noah's need for an ark of salvation, we see our own need of rescue from Elohim's/God's judgment (Gen.6-8);
• (3) In Abraham's faith in following Elohim/God, we see our own potential for belief (Gen.12);
• (4) In Jacob's scheming, we see our own inclination to trust in ourselves (Gen.25,27);
• (5) In Joseph's kindness to his brothers, we see our own responsibility to forgive (Gen.37-50);
• (6) In Israel's unwillingness to enter Canaan, we see our own weakness of faith (Ex.14);
• (7) In Job's response to suffering, we see our own feelings when things turn against us (Job 3).

Well, we've taken a casual glance at the first five books of the Bible but there are 34 more! Let's take a look at the period known as the 'Settlement', from Joshua to Ruth. That was a wild time -- lots of war, lawlessness, and immorality. Can we learn anything from that period? Again, I'm going to ask you to ask yourself what you can learn about Elohim/God from these key historical events:

• (1) The fall of Jericho (Josh.6);
• (2) The sin and punishment of Achan (Josh.7);
• (3) The sun standing still (Josh.10);
• (4) The victory of Gideon's 300 (Judg.7);
• (5) The last days of Samson (Judg.16:21-31);
• (6) Boaz's redemption of Ruth (Ruth 4).

• (1) In the confirmation of Joshua's call, we see our own need for assurance (Josh.1,2);
• (2) In Achan's sin of coveting wealth, we see our own greed (Josh.7);
• (3) In Gideon's fleece, we see our own desire for a visible communication from Elohim/God (Judg.6);
• (4) In Jephthah's vow, we see our own rash bargaining with Elohim/God (Judg.11);
• (5) In Ruth's plight, we see our own need for a kinsman-redeemer (Ruth 4);
• (6) In Israel's constant relapse into sin, we trace our own spiritual experience.

  /UL>

  The Period of Kings

  From Israel's tribal beginnings we move into the era of monarchy which covers the time period 1050-586 BC and the books 1 Samuel-2 Chronicles, Psalms-Jeremiah, and Hosea-Zephaniah. These books are a treasure-trove of revelation about the nature of Elohim/God and our own nature. Some parts, as I will show you later, are no less deep than the New Testament. So what do these books tell us about Elohim/God? Let's take a small sample, from chapters 16 to 31 of the First Book of Samuel:

  • (1) Elohim/God sometimes uses intermediaries to call people to special places of service (1 Sam.16:1-13);
  • (2) Elohim's/God's choices are not based on appearances (16:7);
  • (3) Elohim/God is able to make the last become first (16:11);
  • (4) Elohim/God uses His anointed to topple those who are mighty in man's eyes (ch.17);
  • (5) Elohim/God values life over ritual (ch.21);
  • (6) Elohim/God gives us the grace to be merciful to our enemies (chs.24,26);
  • (7) Elohim/God sometimes uses the bad to accomplish His purposes (ch.31).

  Now it's your turn. Ask yourselves how Elohim/God is made known in the following incidents from the times of the kings:

  • (1) His gift of wisdom to Solomon (1 Ki.4:29);
  • (2) His sending fire on Mount Carmel to consume Elijah's offering (1 Ki.18);
  • (3) The hiding of the infant Joash (2 Ki.11:1-2);
  • (4) The finding of the Book of the Torah/Law during Josiah's reign (2 Ki.22,23);
  • (5) The prediction of the prophets that Elohim/God would judge Israel (Ezek.18:30), the nations (Is.2:4: Joel 3:12), and all mankind (Jer.25:31).

  This time period throws up an unwelcome mirror for us to see ourselves in. Observe how the following incidents echo Elohim's/God's work in our own times:

  • (1) In Saul's jealous anger, we see our own envy of those who replace us (1 Sam.18,19);
  • (2) In Hannah's earnest prayer for a son, we see our own desire for Elohim's/God's blessing (1 Sam.1,2);
  • (3) In the words of Psalm 1, we see our own path to blessing;
  • (4) In Psalm 32, we hear our own cry for forgiveness;
  • (5) In Psalm 100, we find words for our own feelings of praise to Yahweh;
  • (6) In Ecclesiastes, we find expression for our own struggle with a sense of futility (1:2);
  • (7) In Elijah's flight from Jezebel, we see our own faltering faith before a powerful foe (1 Ki.19);
  • (8) In the healing of Hezekiah, we see our own need for the healing that Elohim/God alone can give (2 Ki.20);
  • (9) In Zedekiah's disregard of the nevi'im/prophets, we see our own refusal to heed the Davar Elohim/God's Word (2 Chr.36:11-14).

  The Period of Exile

  The fourth partition of the Old Testament is the period of Exile (586-400 BC), and concerns the books Ezra-Esther, Lamentations-Daniel, and Haggai-Malachi. To illustrate what we can learn about Elohim/God I will focus on only one chapter, namely Ezra 1 which is about the Decree of Cyrus. Observe the following truths about Elohim/God that can be seen:

  • (1) In Babylon's practice of letting a nation maintain its ethnic and religious identity, we see Elohim/God at work protecting His people;
  • (2) In the captivity, we see Elohim's/God's ability to move a whole nation to accomplish His purposes;
  • (3) In the degree of Cyrus, we see His power to direct the thinking of a powerful ruler;
  • (4) In the provision of material to build, we see His power to supply;
  • (5) In the return of the Jews, we see Elohim's/God's mitzvah/commitment to His covenants and prophecies; and
  • (6) In the return of Israel, we see His exaltation among the nations.

  Using the same line of thinking, I invite you to consider how Elohim/God is made known through the following incidents from the days of Israel's exile and return:

  • (1) Daniel's high position in Nebuchadnezzar's court (Dan.1);
  • (2) The protection of the three young Hebrew men in the fiery furnace (Dan.3);
  • (3) The strategic placing of Esther in Xerxes' court (Esth.1);
  • (4) Messianic preaching by the prophets of the exile and return (Dan.7,10-12; Zech.12-14);
  • (5) The plot and fall of Haman (Esth.7);
  • (6) The building of the wall (Neh.6).

  We can see ourselves in the era of exile and return in the following representative ways:

  • (1) In Israel's exile, we see our own sense of estrangement from Elohim/God because of sin;
  • (2) In the Jews' return to faith, we see our own flight to Elohim/God in times of chastisement;
  • (3) In Esther's courage, we see our own potential for stalwart deeds of faith (Esth.8);
  • (4) In the returned exiles' fear of opposition, we see our own trembling before Elohim's/God's foes (Ezra 4);
  • (5) In their stopping the building of the temple, we see our own lack of determination (Ezra 4);
  • (6) In Daniel's courage, we see our own potential to stand up for our convictions (Dan.1,6);
  • (7) In Israel's hope of the Messiah, we see our own expectation of His return.

  A Wise Decision

  Brethren and sisters, we neglect the Tanakh/Old Testament at our peril. It is a much maligned book, and it is usually maligned by a certain type of person -- the sinner who does not want to repent. Their excuses for neglecting or even rejecting the Old Testament are worn with time. Not surprisingly, such people lack any true foundation and before long you will find them espousing ideas and doctrines that are utterly unbiblical. In rejecting the Old Testament, they reject the one True Elohim/God, Yahweh, and subsequently distort the nature and mission of the Master Yah'shua the Messiah/Lord Jesus Christ.

  Sinners love to set up the Old Testament as a straw man and then attack it with the New Testament. The New Testament is not a separate 'book' from the Old Testament even though it is made to appear so in your Bibles. The titles, 'Old' and 'New Testament' are quite arbitrary -- no bible book mentions them. They are one book, and one story about one Elohim/God and one Redeemer. It contains one theme only -- Elohim's/God's love for mankind.

  The unity of the Old and New Testaments is no better illustrated than in the person of Abraham. Firstly, the Gospel preached by the apostles in the New Testament was the same gospel preached to Abraham in the Old. Paul wrote to the Galatians:

  "The Scripture foresaw that Elohim/God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and anounced the gospel in advance to Abraham.." (Gal.3:8, NIV).

  The same Gospel -- the same 'Good News'. The same Elohim/God, the same Messiah, the same message of shalom/peace and love. Brethren and sisters, IT IS THE SAME GOSPEL. It hasn't changed. It is men's minds that have changed it so that they can obscure the need to repent and be obedient to Elohim's/God's mitzvot/commandments! As Christians we are declared, by Elohim/God, to be the "children of Abraham" by adoption (Gal.3:7).

  Paul said:

  "ALL scripture is Elohim/God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of Elohim/God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work" (2 Tim.3:16-17, NIV).

  All scriptures, New and Old, are to be used -- they are the gift of Elohim/God, and foolish is he who thinks himself too great to use one or the other.

  It is worth remembering that the first Christians had no New Testament. For them the scriptures were the Old Testament, and when Paul was making his remark to the Galatians, he in all probability was only referring to the Old Testament. Yah'shua/Jesus Himself recognised the undisputed authority of the Old Testament. He quoted from it extensively, acknowledging its historicity. When confronted by His enemies, Yah'shua/Jesus always used the Old Testament as His final court of appeal (Matt.23:2-3; 22:29). He used the Old Testament as an ethical guide in telling people how to live (e.g. Matt.19:16-22,35-40). You will find that most of the gems He used in His teaching in the New Testament come right out of the Old. Here are four examples:

  • (1) "Having eyes, do you not see? And having ears, do you not hear?" (Mark 8:18 / Jer.5:21);
  • (2) "Their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched" (Mark 9:48 / Is.66:24);
  • (3) "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see Elohim/God" (Matt.5:8 / Ps.73:1);
  • (4) "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth" (Matt.5:5 / Ps.37:11).

  Many critics of the Old Testament claim that Yah'shua/Jesus repudiated it when He referred to passages on the Sabbath (Matt.9:13; 12:7; Mark 2:28) or the cleansing of foods (Matt.15:1-20). The "you have heard...but I say to you" section of the Sermon on the Mount (Matt.5:21-48) is another example. But on close examination, it becomes clear that Christ was not repudiating the Old Testament but explaining it or clarifying it. And this is especially true of the Torah/Law which is the object of hatred by so many uninformed and unenlightened Christians.
  The Torah/Law/Instruction

  Listening to some Christians you would think that the Torah/Law was not given by Elohim/God but by the devil himself. Before we examine this let us be quite sure what Yah'shua/Jesus said on the subject. And I am quoting from a Jewish translation of the New Testament (using the Greek texts) so that you can be absolutely clear what Yah'shua/Jesus meant:

  "Don't think that I have come to abolish (anull, loosen) the Torah (Teaching, 'Law', Pentateuch - the first five books of the Old Testament) or the Nevi'im/Prophets. I have not come to abolish but to complete (fulfill, fill-to-full = fill-to-the-top). Yes indeed! I tell you, that until heaven and earth pass away, not so much as a yud (jot^KJV) (smallest letter in the Hebrew alphabet) or a [pen-]stroke (tittle^KJV, hook, point) will pass from the Torah (Law) -- not until everything that must happen has happened. So whoever disobeys the least of these mitzvot (commandments) and teaches others to do so will be called least in the Kingdom of Heaven. For I tell you that unless your righteousness is far greater than the Torah-teachers (Scribes) and P'rushim (Pharisees), YOU WILL CERTAINLY NOT enter the Kingdom of Heaven!" (Matt.5:17-20, Jewish New Testament/JNT).

  Do you understand what the Messiah is saying here? He is serving everyone notice -- and especially the Goyim/Gentiles -- that if they try to set aside the Old Testament (and he specifically names the Torah and Nevi'im/Prophets) then they will certainly (definitely) NOT enter the Kingdom of Heaven. Indeed, we are to be even more righteous than the Pharisees as far as diligent observance is concerned!

  The anti-Old Testamenters are very fond of Paul but equally fond of twisting him. Paul apparently says many harsh things about the Torah/Law -- at least, that is the way it appears to read. But he, like Yah'shua/Jesus, was not an enemy of the Torah/Law itself, but an enemy of its abuse. He would agree with Yah'shua/Jesus who said:

  "Woe to you, teachers of the law (Torah-teachers) and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices -- mint, dill and cummin. But you have neglected the MORE IMPORTANT MATTERS of the law -- Justice, Mercy, and Faithfulness.." (Matt.23:13, NIV).

  It is the distortion of the Torah/Law that Elohim/God hates that nascent Talmudic Judaism had become; it was trying to live thousands of minute man/made external laws (the 'Oral Law'/Talmud) that nearly drove Paul crazy, for the Torah/Law at root is essentially a LAW OF THE HEART (Jer.31:31ff).

  Through Yah'shua the Messiah/Jesus Christ the Torah/Law underwent a change -- it was not replaced (as Yah'shua/Jesus Himself testified) but brought up to its true position of glory in Light. Paul's war with certain of the Jewish Christians was not with the Torah/Law itself but the attempt by these people to retain all the by now useless outer rituals such as circumcision, animal sacrifices, ceremonial washing, etc..

  These rituals had their time and place as pointers to Christ, but with the arrival of Christ, and the effecting of an eternal atonement, they were not needed anymore. If you read Paul's letter to the Galatians carefully, and preferably with a Greek text next to you, you will see that his criticism of law-observers has nothing to do with observing the substance or the heart of the Torah/Law but the observing of now defunct rituals and all the man-made rules of the 'Elders'.

  The Law or Torah is eternal, and it is eternally present in every teaching of the New Testament. It's full glory is brought to light in the revelation of Yah'shua the Messiah/Jesus Christ. The trouble is, most translations of the New Testament give a false picture of the importance of the Torah/Law. Let's take one as an example as it is fairly typical of most translations:

  "But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law" (Gal.5:18, NIV)

  Now compare this with a Jewish translation which takes into account the original meaning of such words as "law" in this context:

  "But if you are led by the Spirit, then you are not in subjection to the system that results from perverting the Torah (law) into legalism" (Ibid., Jewish New Testament/JNT).

  Legalism

  What is meant by "legalism"? Legalism is the exaltation of the law ABOVE grace, just as the Pharisees and teachers of the Torah/Law did. These are the people who try to buy their way into heaven by accumulating good works, rather like the Buddhists, Hindus and New Agers who think they can change their karma or destiny by earning spiritual credit that can be 'cashed in' at the Final Judgment.

  But please note we are not to neglect the Torah/Law -- Yah'shua/Jesus told us not to. He said we were to live it even more rigorously than the Pharisees not in order to earn a ticket to heaven BUT TO PRAISE ELOHIM/GOD! Elohim/God has commanded us to obey the mitzvot/commandments as an expression of our love for Him. He desires a qadosh/set-apart/holy people. Obedience to the mitzvot/commandments brings holiness and is an expression of our love of Yah'shua/Jesus (John 14:15). No man or woman has the right to live whatever mitzvah/commandment suits him using the excuse that he is 'under grace and not under law'. Such a heresy brings its own evil fruits.

  Why do we need the Torah/Law of Mitzvot/Commandments? Paul explains very clearly that without the Torah/Law we would never become conscious of our sinful nature and never make teshuvah (repent) without the Torah/Law. The Torah/Law written supernaturally on our hearts by the pen of the Ruach/Spirit is the new foundation of our Conscience in Christ. It is the pathway to holiness. Thus the Torah/Law makes man conscious of sin by illumination whereas Grace cancels the guilt of sin and the 'curse' of the Torah/Law. Notice that the Torah/Law itself is not a curse, but the effects of the Torah/Law in exposing our sinful nature is a curse. And thus sinners flee from the Torah/Law for they do not wish to have their sinful nature revealed, AND BECAUSE THEY DO NOT WANT TO REPENT!!!

  As you have been taught many times in our Assemblies the difference between the Torah/Law as expressed in the Old Testament, and the Torah/Law expressed in the New Testament, is a matter of the difference between external and internal. Those who never understood the Torah/Law lived it as a series of external regulations, rules, and ceremonies; but the full understanding of the Torah/Law, which is the New Covenant of Yah'shua the Messiah/Jesus Christ, is its internal life in the heart, a life founded first and foremost on FAITH, the Gospel of Abraham and all the Patriarchs.

  The Law or Torah, brethren and sisters, is here to stay until "heaven and earth pass away". To say otherwise is to accuse the Master Yah'shua the Messiah/Lord Jesus Christ of being a liar. To us, who are born again Christians & Messianics, the Torah/Law is not a curse, but an ark of salvation, because it reveals the heart and mind of Elohim/God the Father. It's heart is love -- the love of a merciful Heavenly Father. It is not old-fashioned, it is not cruel, it is not finished -- it is ELOHIM/GOD.

  We live under the Grace of the Torah/Law in this the New Covenant, not the Curse of the Law. But neither do we live without the Torah/Law, for Elohim/God IS Torah/Law, and Christians are not lawless beings. The revelation of the Torah/Law is the Tanakh/Old Testament; its completion is the New Testament. And the two are one. And woe unto anyone who tries to prise them apart!

  Conclusion

  Brethren and sisters, with the light and revelation of the New Covenant made possible through the Master Yah'shua the Messiah/Lord Jesus Christ we should be able to preach this Gospel with the Tanakh/Old Testament alone as written scripture. The first Christians did. I would not object to it. For I know that this Book is the Davar Elohim/Word of God and that it will reveal its treasures to all who diligently seek after Him. My testimony of this book is the nature of the Elohim/God it reveals, which Jeremiah wrote thus:

  "I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore with loving kindness I have drawn you" (Jeremiah 31:3)

  May the Elohim/God of Abraham and of the Master Yah'shua the Messiah/Lord Jesus Christ -- the Elohim/God of the New Covenant -- bless you and reveal His love to you through the pages of the Tanakh/Old Testament, is my prayer in Yah'shua's/Jesus' Name. Amen.
  
  
  
  This page was created on 21 May 1998 Last updated on 17 March 2925
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